The fate of Guadalquivir River discharges in the coastal strip of the Gulf of Cádiz. A study based on the linking of watershed catchment and hydrodynamic models.

A catchment model for river basins and a hydrodynamic model were combined in order to simulate the spreading of the turbidity plume produced by sediment discharges from the Guadalquivir River basin within the Gulf of Cádiz under different meteorological conditions. The current fields provided by the hydrodynamic model and a transport-diffusion scheme based on tracking virtual particles tracking released at the river mouth have enabled us to simulate turbidity plumes that show great similarity with the plumes observed in satellite images. The most relevant results of the study show that in the absence of winds, the plume tends to spread very slowly, gradually progressing northwards; this is because of the symmetry between the filling and draining flows at the mouth of the Guadalquivir and low intensity of the tidal currents beyond the mouth. In addition, the transport of the plume towards the Strait of Gibraltar requires wind conditions with a northerly, north-westerly or westerly component. Westwards transport, however, requires winds with an easterly, southerly, or south-easterly component. The periods of heaviest rainfall in the Guadalquivir River basin coincide with winds mainly from the west; therefore, the times of maximum discharge at the mouth of the river occur when there are wind conditions that favour the transport of the matter suspended in the plume, southwards along the coast, towards the Strait of Gibraltar and the Alboran Sea. Linking the watershed catchment and hydrodynamic models has proved its suitability to predict the evolution and reaching of the sediment plumes from the Guadalquivir River discharges and the experience encourages the use of that methodology to be applied in a future prediction system for the creation and evolution of those sediment plumes.

Hydrodynamic modelling of a polluted tropical bay: Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater runoff and estuarine water renewal.

A bay's capacity to buffer fluvial fluxes between the land and sea is sensitive to hydrological changes that can affect its water renewal rates. In Cartagena Bay, Colombia, pollution issues have been associated with freshwater fluxes which are projected to increase in future years. This has led to plans to reduce freshwater flows by constructing upstream hydraulic doors. Given the influence of freshwater discharge on coastal water renewal, it is important to assess how these upstream changes will affect the bay's hydrodynamic processes. This study calibrated the 3D MOHID Water model, configured with a high-resolution mixed vertical discretization to capture the bay's characteristic processes of vertical stratification and mixing. A Lagrangian transport model was used to analyze the flow of passive particle tracers and calculate water renewal time scales. Mean residence times of 3-6 days and flushing times of 10-20 days for canal water were found, while mean residence times of 23-33 days and flushing times of 70-99 days were calculated for the bay's complete water volume. An assessment of future scenarios showed that increases in freshwater runoff would result in faster water renewal in the bay, while plans to decrease freshwater discharge would result in slower water renewal in the bay. It is therefore imperative that any plans for reducing fluvial fluxes into the bay be accompanied by the control of local pollution sources, which are abundant and could worsen the bay's water quality issues should water renewal times become longer.

Study of the influence of physical, chemical and biological conditions that influence the deterioration and protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage.

Two wrecks related to the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) were studied. Following the guidelines of the UNESCO-2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach based on the development of four of the thirty-six Rules of this international agreement was applied. A non-destructive survey technique was developed to obtain information from the scattered cannons and anchors without altering their condition (Rule 4). The work performed provided information about the origin of both wrecks, the Fougueux and the Bucentaure, two ships of the line of the French Navy, and allowed to characterize the state of conservation at each site without jeopardizing their future conservation in the marine environment. In addition, measurements of the main physical, chemical and biological variables allowed correlating the conservation status at each site with the marine environmental conditions (Rule 15). Thus, in Fougueux shipwreck large iron objects are corroding at a higher rate (between 0.180 and 0.246mmpy) due to high sediment remobilization and transport induced by waves at this site, causing damage by direct mechanical effect on metallic material and by removing the layer of corrosion products developed on the artefacts. Meanwhile artillery on Bucentaure site, covered with thick layers of biological concretion, is well preserved, with lower corrosion rates (0.073 to 0.126mmpy), and archaeological information is guaranteed. Finally, the effectiveness of the cathodic protection as a temporary measure for in situ conservation (Rule 1) was evaluated on a cannon. The use of a sacrificial anode after 9months reduced the average corrosion rate (from 0.103 to 0.064mmpy) and the percent of corrosion rate in 37.9%. These results are very useful for developing a decision making system of the Site Management Program, based on predictive models of artefacts permanence and risk factors in the marine environment (Rule 25).

Dobesilato de calcio (Doxium) en el Tratamiento de las crisis hemorroidal / Dobesilato of calcium (Doxium) in the treatment of the crisis hemorrhoidal

Se evaluó la efectividad del Dobesilato de Calcio (Doxium) a la dosis de 500 mg. administrados tres veces al día, en 39 pacientes con diagnostico de crisis hemorraidal. La evalucion se efectuo mediante el examen clínico a las 48 h., los 8 días y las 8 semanas de tratamiento. Los pacientes presentaron una mejoría francamente significativa desde el punto de vista estadístico en los escolares para los diferentes síntomas evaluados: dolor, secrecion, inflamacion, prurito, presion anal, hemorragia y en los escores totales. El producto fue bien tolerado, un (1) paciente suspendio el tratamiento por reaccion alérgica severa, y otros dos presentaron epigastralgia leve, ambos recibían AINEs por vía oral

Fístula gastrocólica como complicación de tumor carcinoide maligno de colon / Fistula gastrocolic how complication of malignant carcinoid tumor of colon

Se presenta el primer caso en la literatura nacional de una paciente femenina de 70 años quien consulta por dolor abdominal, pérdida de peso, vómitos fecaloideos y masa palpable abdominal en hipocondrió izquierdo. Se realizan estudios preoperatorios pertinentes, evidenciándose: fistula gastrocólica amplia (de 2 cm. de diametro) producto por Tumor de Angulo Esplénico del Colon de 10 cm de diámetro, anatomomatológicamente descrito como Tumor Carcinoide Maligno ulcerovegetante con infiltración de la pared y extensión hacia el meso, con boca de fístula con presencia de tumor. Se realiza intervención quirúrgica: Gastrectomía parcial (Antrectomía), y resección de Colon Izquierdo con Transversosigmodoanastomosis distal termino-terminal. Posteriormente la paciente recibe Radioterapia (5.000 rads en 28 sesiones) sin complicaciones. Actualmente la paciente se encuentra asintomática y sin evidencias clínicas o paraclínicas de recidiva de la enfermedad